INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION
IVC is also called as Harappan valley civilization. In 1922 in Mohanjodaro an Indian officer of Archeological survey who actually was in guest of Kushan9Stup accidentally found some objects most identical with Harappan ones. Excavations of Mohanjodaro and Harappan have revealed the pre-historic phase of ancient civilization of India. Here we find well planned cities which commercial centers, sophisticated craftsmanship and freedom of religion of thought which shows that a highly developed intellect end society developed here.
This civilization developed near 4000-3000 B.C. These people used ornamented terracotta utensils decorated with human figures birds and animals and geometric patterns utensils have been decorated with lines, angels and circle along with birds, animals, leaves and flowers drawn with black lines on red-base. These terracotta utensils were smooth and shining which are now preserved in National Museum New Delhi (N.M.N.D.). Big earthen pots were supposed to have been used burring the dead. Such items are found in Mohanjodaro, harappa, Lothal and Chanundaro, because this place is near river Indus it is also known as Indus valley Civilization (IVC) and terracotta civilization for its terracotta items.
Some decorated scenes have also been found. A bronze image of a dancer, a buffalo image, a stone male, torso and seal on which a human figure with Trishul is carved, reflected upon the artistic touch of that age. The image of Shiva as those people were religious and worshiper of Shiva is found with other seals of religious images.
Some golden and silver ornamentals earthen toys painted jars illustrated color were also found. The metal work of this era the bronze buffalo from Mohanjodaro is a beautiful example. Some o/s pieces are jumping monkey, a toy bird on wheels and a dancing girl. The most famous work is the lime stone burst of royal beard priest who wears a tree foil patterns garment across his shoulders, his hair is frightened by a ribbon and a round shaped ornament is on the forehead, no moustaches, tabeez or armlet on the right hand.
Chanundaro. Harappa, Mohanjodaro in Pakistan. Ropar in Punjab, Lothal in Gujrat & Kalibaggan in Rajasthan. Here also we found houses drains, roads, bathrooms etc. Most scientifically built designs or utensils are of deer, peacock, cairns and snakes painted beautifully along with geometric patterns triangle, square, rectangle circle and semi-circle Maize, grass, wheat barley etc. were also painted on them.
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